Synergism is not even considered when POISONS are registered!
Study results suggest that exposure to physiologically relevant doses of PB, DEET, and permethrin, alone or in combination, leads to neurobehavioral deficits and region-specificalterations in AChE and acetylcholine receptors.
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Subject: Synergism is not even considered when you "register" your
POISONS!
Date: Fri, 16 Mar 2001 08:31:28 -0500
From: Stephen Tvedten <steve@getipm.com>
Organization: Get Set Inc. (www.getipm.com)
To: Paul Helliker <phelliker@cdpr.ca.gov>
Director, State
of California, Department of Pesticide Regulation
cc: Christine Whitman whitman.christine@epa.gov
Dear Mr. Helliker,
I though you might like to read an article from Toxicol Sci 2001
Apr;60(2):305-314 entitled: Locomotor and Sensorimotor Performance Deficit in
Rats following Exposure to Pyridostigmine Bromide, DEET, and Permethrin, Alone
and in Combination.
Abou-Donia MB, Goldstein LB, Jones KH, Abdel-Rahman AA,
Damodaran TV, Dechkovskaia AM,
Bullman SL, Amir BE, Khan WA
Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Medicine (Neurology), Duke University Medical Center. VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
[Record supplied by publisher]
Since their return from Persian Gulf War (PGW), many
veterans have complained of symptoms including
muscle and joint pain, ataxia, chronic fatigue, headache, and difficulty with
concentration. The causes of the symptoms remain unknown. Because these veterans
were exposed to a combination of chemicals including pyridostigmine bromide (PB),
DEET, and permethrin, we investigated the effects of these agents, alone and in
combination, on the sensorimotor behavior and central cholinergic system of
rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 gm) were treated with DEET (40 mg/kg,
dermal) or permethrin (0.13 mg/kg, dermal), alone and in combination with PB
(1.3 mg/kg, oral, last 15 days only), for 45 days. Sensorimotor ability was
assessed by a battery of behavioral tests that included beam-walk score,
beam-walk time, incline plane performance, and forepaw grip on days 30 and 45
following the treatment. On day 45 the animals were sacrificed, and plasma and
CNS cholinesterase, and brain choline acetyl transferase, muscarinic and
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were evaluated. Animals treated with PB, alone
or in combination with DEET and permethrin, showed a significant deficit in
beam-walk score as well as beam-walk time as compared with controls.
Treatment with either DEET or permethrin, alone or in combination with each other, did not have a significant effect on beam-walk score. All chemicals, alone or in combination, resulted in a significant impairment in incline plane testing on days 30 and 45 following treatment. Treatment with PB, DEET, or permethrin alone did not have any inhibitory effect on plasma or brain cholinesterase activities, except that PB alone caused moderate inhibition in midbrain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Treatment with permethrin alone caused significant increase in cortical and cerebellar AChE activity. A combination of DEET and permethrin or PB and DEET led to significant decrease in AChE activity in brainstem and midbrain and brainstem, respectively. A significant decrease in brainstem AChE activity was observed following combined exposure to PB and permethrin.
Coexposure with PB, DEET, and permethrin resulted in
significant inhibition in AChE in brainstem and midbrain. No effect was observed
on choline acetyl transferase activity in brainstem or cortex, except combined
exposure to PB, DEET, and permethrin caused a slight but significant increase in
cortical choline acetyltransferase activity.
Treatment with PB, DEET, and permethrin alone caused a significant
increase in ligand binding for m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) in
the cortex. Coexposure to PB, DEET, and permethrin did not have any effect over
that of PB-induced increase in ligand binding.
There was no significant change in ligand binding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) associated with treatment with the chemical alone; a combination of PB and DEET or coexposure with PB, DEET, and permethrin caused a significant increase in nAChR ligand binding in the cortex. Thus, these results suggest that exposure to physiologically relevant doses of PB, DEET, and permethrin, alone or in combination, leads to neurobehavioral deficits and region-specificalterations in AChE and acetylcholine receptors.
PMID: 11248143
Well Mr. Helliker, how can you pretend to "register" your POISONS when you totally ignore any/all of the possible and/or probable synergistic health effects that are created from the coexposure to all of the other "registered" pesticides, cleaning compounds and/or medications that are "normal" in most people's lives? There are tens of thousands of probable and extremely dangerous coexposures! You also totally ignore all of the "inerts", contaminants, metabolites, impurities, transformation and decomposition products that are inherent in your "registered" POISONS.
Whenever a poison applicator applies two or more volatile, (registered) synthetic pesticide treatments, the various chemicals, inerts, actives, solvents, metabolites, contaminants, impurities, transformation and decomposition products produce several totally different unregistered poison formulations with totally unknown toxic synergistic health and environmental problems. The Federal Statutes 7 USC 136J clearly shows all such treatments are unlawful acts because the composition is totally different; it is adulterated and/or misbranded, etc. When are you going to address this issue?
Respectfully, Stephen L. Tvedten